The doctrine that the Content of the conclusion of a deductively valid argument is included in the Content of its premises, taken jointly, is a familiar one. It has important consequences for the question of what value valid arguments possess, since it indicates the poverty of three traditional answers: that arguments may and should be used as instruments of persuasion, that they may and should be used as instruments of justification; and that they may and should be used to advance knowledge. The truth is, however, that in each of these cases the argument has only a managerial role and, if there is any work done, it is the premises that do it. It will be maintained that this point has little force against the critical rationalist answer, which I shall defend, that the principal purpose of deductive reasoning from an assemblage of premises is the exploration of their Content, facilitating their criticism and rejection. That said, the main aim of the present paper is not to promote critical rationalism but to consider some published objections to the doctrine that a statement asserts every statement that is validly deducible from it. The alleged counterexamples to be considered fall roughly into two groups: statements that emerge with time from a rich mathematical or empirical theory, but were originally unformulated and are deducible from the theory only in a non-trivial way (Frederick 2011, 2014; Williamson 2012); and statements, notably disjunctions, that are easily formulated and are deducible from a theory in a trivial way (Schurz & Weingartner 1987; Mura 1990, 2008; Gemes 1994; Yablo 2014). Each of these counterexamples will be evaluated and dismissed.

Objective: People who have higher social health can more successfully deal with the challenges and ups and downs of playing key social roles and participate more in collective activities and prevent social deviations and anomalies. In this regard, foresight and the development of a forward-looking strategy model by the media can play an important role in promoting the social health of their audience (individuals).Method: This research has been done qualitatively and quantitatively. In the qualitative phase, Content analysis and Q methods were used, and in the quantitative phase, factor analysis was used to analyze the Q method data.Results: The Content analysis of the media in this study showed that the most media production in the field of social deviations with 576 cases and the lowest media production in the field of violence with 237 cases. The field of social quality with 485 and the field of social issues with 312 cases are in the second and third ranks. A small questionnaire was made and based on it, the desired model was designed using PLS software. Conclusion: This model showed that the function of media is effective in promoting social health of society and can have the greatest impact on improving quality of life, reducing violence, reducing social deviations and social issues.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the management, pattern of “, Digital Content”,based on research published and represent an overview of subjects, methodologies, contexts, and other features which are highlighted in these works. Method: In this study, the systematic literature review was undertaken by retrieving the studies related to “, Digital Content management”,published in February 2021 on several databases. Various information of papers collected, became the basis for synthesis and analysis. In addition, all the studies were qualitatively evaluated for measuring validity of researches to present in the synthesis by Evidence Based Librarianship (EBL) critical appraisal checklist. Findings: the systematic review presents a systematic framework based on research' items in the “, Digital Content management”,field. The items include research' methodology, data gathering tool, and other elements. Conclusion: The hidden subjects in the literature review were extracted and classified. Finally, based on these classes and other extracted information, the goal of the paper was achieved.

Digital Content creation is being carried out in different ways in cyberspace and using different platforms by professionals and the general public. But effective Content accounts for a small percentage of all Content produced and published. Creating value from digital Content requires proper management based on professional competencies. In fact, digital Content management as a professional task requires specific competencies. In this paper, with a processoriented perspective, the components of a professional competency framework for digital Content management are identified and presented. This Content can be a good starting point for extensive research in the field of professional competencies for digital Content management.

This research analyses the Content of published earnings management researches. We examine occurred changes in earnings management researches and their causes by studying published earnings management articles in top 5 global accounting journals, for 1996-2016, that include 196 articles. Our results show the largest number of earnings management articles, 7.65%; have published in 2006, 2008 and 2010. Most of these articles, 37.24%, have published by Accounting Review and the largest number, 13.70%, have been in 2002. Also the dominant approach is accrual approach, 59.70%, in articles. We find that among academic institutions, New York University had the highest contribution, 3.34%. The most useful model has been Jones model (1991), 24.60%, and Modified Jonnes model (1995), is in second place, 21.93%. Correlation study is most useful research method, 59.18%, in articles. Earnings management is independent variable in most articles, 64.29%. The relation between earnings management and other variables is significant, in most articles, 95%, which shows their information Content and validity of measuring. The findings of the research indicate significant contribution in the East Asia countries(9.57%) and United States and real earnings management approach in articles after enactment SOX in 2002, in response to economic events such as the financial crisis in East Asia and America and enactment SOX.

Background and aim: The power of a university major to the body is distinct knowledge that is not provided by another major. Researches in the form of dissertations and theses make a large part of this body. The aim of this study was to investigate these templates in order to create new knowledge in the field of sports management.Material and methods: This descriptive research was performed using Content analysis. The statistical population of the research consisted of 167 dissertations and theses that have been published from 2011 to 2016. The measuring instrument was coding sheet of Ghassemi et al. and the coefficient of agreement (PSCAT) was 0.79 among the coders. Chi-square test with a significant level of 0.50 was used to compare the groups.Findings: Totally, 52.8% of the research did not mention any sports. Among the rest of the studies, 14.8% were related to football or futsal, players, coaches or management organizations. Most titles were on other majors such as management and less topics were about physical education such as the quality of the sports camp (0.6%) leisure time (0.6%) sports event (1.7%). Although marketing, sports facilities and sports events were simultaneously opened at the faculty, mixed marketing was the first variable in 10.3% of documentation and there was less tendency to the other two. Wholly, 51.7% and 46.6% of the research started with the hypothesis and question. There was a significant difference between the research subjects and the fields of sports based on the guidance of supervisors.Conclusion: In order to create the body of knowledge in sports management, in addition to common issues, the more specialized topics arising from the field of sports should be considered by the students, professors and planners of this field.